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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(3): 263-269, 15/mar. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670895

ABSTRACT

The N-acylhydrazone (NAH) analogues N-methyl 2-thienylidene 3,4-benzoylhydrazine (LASSBio-785) and N-benzyl 2-thienylidene 3,4-benzoylhydrazine (LASSBio-786) were prepared from 2-thienylidene 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoylhydrazine (LASSBio-294). The ability of LASSBio-785 and LASSBio-786 to decrease central nervous system activity was investigated in male Swiss mice. LASSBio-785 or LASSBio-786 (30 mg/kg, ip) reduced locomotor activity from 209 ± 26 (control) to 140 ± 18 (P < 0.05) or 146 ± 15 crossings/min (P < 0.05), respectively. LASSBio-785 (15 or 30 mg/kg, iv) also reduced locomotor activity from 200 ± 15 to 116 ± 29 (P < 0.05) or 60 ± 16 crossings/min (P < 0.01), respectively. Likewise, LASSBio-786 (15 or 30 mg/kg, iv) reduced locomotor activity from 200 ± 15 to 127 ± 10 (P < 0.01) or 96 ± 14 crossings/min (P < 0.01), respectively. Pretreatment with flumazenil (20 mg/kg, ip) prevented the locomotor impairment induced by NAH analogues (15 mg/kg, iv), providing evidence that the benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptor is involved. This finding was supported by the structural similarity of NAH analogues to midazolam. However, LASSBio-785 showed weak binding to the BDZ receptor. LASSBio-785 or LASSBio-786 (30 mg/kg, ip, n = 10) increased pentobarbital-induced sleeping time from 42 ± 5 (DMSO) to 66 ± 6 (P < 0.05) or 75 ± 4 min (P < 0.05), respectively. The dose required to achieve 50% hypnosis (HD50) following iv injection of LASSBio-785 or LASSBio-786 was 15.8 or 9.5 mg/kg, respectively. These data suggest that both NAH analogues might be useful for the development of new neuroactive drugs for the treatment of insomnia or for use in conjunction with general anesthesia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Hydrazines/pharmacology , Hydrazones/pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Motor Activity/drug effects , Receptors, GABA/drug effects , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Hydrazines/chemistry , Hydrazones/chemistry , Receptors, GABA/physiology , Thiophenes/chemistry
2.
Rev. Soc. Argent. Endocrinol. Ginecol. Reprod ; 16(1): 57-71, mayo 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171278

ABSTRACT

Hasta el momento, los estudios realizados sobre la participación de los receptores GABAB (REGABAB) en la regulación neuroendocrina habían sido llevados a cabo a través de abordajes farmacológicos, mediante la utilización de agonistas y antagonistas específicos. En el presente trabajo utilizamos el modelo de ratón GABA para analizar las consecuencias endocrinas de la falta constitutiva de los RGABAB en la unidad hipotálamo-hipófiso-gonadal. No observamos diferencias en los contenidos hipofisarios ni en los niveles séricos de LH y FSH entre los genotipos en ningún sexo. Sin embargo, nuestros estudios in vitro, demostraron la existencia de alteraciones de la fisiología de los gonadotropos provenientes de hembras GABA, con una secreción basal aumentada de gonadotropinas y una menor respuesta el estímulo con GnRH. Al analizar más específicamente la funcionalidad del eje en esos ratones, encontramos alteraciones en el aumento de LH postcastración en las hembras, confirmando la participación de los RGABAB en este fenómeno. Por otro lado, en la hemras GABA adultas demostramos la presencia de alteraciones en el contenido hipotalámico de GnRH, el cual estaba francamente disminuido, y su secreción pulsátil, en la que se observa un aumento significativo de la frecuencia de los pulsos de GnRH. También observamos un aumento en los contenidos hipotalámicos de neurotransmisores aminoacídicos que podrían afectar la liberación de GnRH...


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Receptors, GABA/physiology , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System , Hypothalamus , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
3.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 29(2): 51-6, 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-241188

ABSTRACT

En grupos diferentes de ratas Wistar (n=10), se estudió el efecto fisiopatológico del sistema nervioso autónomo en el estrés gástrico, en el modelo experimental de estrés, por inmovilización e inmersión en agua a 15 grados Celsius durante 6 hs., en el que se tabuló el por ciento lesional macroscópica de la mucosa gástrica y en sangre se midió el cortisol, malatonina, nor-adrenalina, adrenalina, dopamina y serotonina. En estrés testigo se encontró un área necrótica gástrica de un 80 por ciento en sangre solo se halló aumento de nor-adrenalina y adrenalina. Se estudiaron fármacos en dosis dependientes, agonistas y antagonistas de los receptores Beta adrenérgicos, antagonistas alpha adrenérgicos postinápticos; colinérgicos y anticolinérgicos, de los receptores endorfínicos y de los GABA. Se encontró que Isoproterenal, Prazosim, Doxazosina, Tramadol y Vgabatrin dieron marcada protección de la mucosa gástrica en el estrés, con un área necrótica cercana al 0 por ciento (P<0.001); en contraste, Propanolol, Acetilcolina, Atropina, Naloxona y Flumazenil no se diferenciaron del estrés testigo (P>0.5). Todos los fármacos estudiados dieron similares aminas vasoactivas que el estrés testigo. Se concluyó que el sistema nervioso autónomo en su vinculado a sus receptores con incremento de la microcirculación esplácnica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Receptors, GABA , Receptors, Opioid , Stress, Physiological/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Microcirculation , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/physiology , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology , Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology , Receptors, GABA/physiology , Receptors, Opioid/physiology , Stress, Physiological/blood
4.
Arch. neurociencias ; 1(2): 104-7, abr.-jun. 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210798

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Abstinencia al GABA (SAG), es un nuevo modelo de epileptogénesis focal en el que la actividad paroxística se induce mediante la interrupción de infusiones intracorticales de GABA. En estudios preliminares hemos observado que esta actividad muestra una extraordinaria resistencia a los anticonvulsivantes clásicos. En ratas que mostraban un SAG inducido por la suspención de infusiones localizadas de GABA (50 µg ml por hora en 24 horas), se administró el nuevo anticonvulsivante HEPP (50 mg/kg ip) 60 minutos después del inicio del SAG. La HEPP produjo una disminución significativa de la frecuencia de descarga en 8 de 10 ratas, con efecto máximo aproximadamante a los 30 min después de la inyección y una duración del efecto de cerca de 90 min. Cuando la HEPP se administró a un nuevo grupo de ratas (n = 5) al segundo día del SAG, el compuesto no produjo efectos. A pesar de que se ignora aún el mecanismo de acción de la HEPP, el SAG representa un modelo útil para la evaluación de nuevos anticonvulsivantes


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Anticonvulsants/pharmacokinetics , Epilepsy/therapy , Status Epilepticus/chemically induced , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology , Pharmacokinetics , Rats, Wistar/surgery , Receptors, GABA/physiology
5.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 33(1): 107-11, ene.-feb. 1995. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-174121

ABSTRACT

En el presente artículo se revisan brevemente las principales características de los canales para iones en las membranas celulares, su participación en diversos eventos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos y se muestran ciertos aspectos de importancia clínica derivados de su estudio


Subject(s)
Calcium Channels/physiology , Potassium Channels/physiology , Sodium Channels/physiology , Receptors, Glutamate/physiology , Receptors, Glycine/physiology , Receptors, GABA/physiology , Ion Channels/physiology , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 26(6): 573-89, Jun. 1993.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-148710

ABSTRACT

1. Experiments using localized microinfusions of specific agonists and antagonists of neurotransmitter receptors have shown that the amygdala, hippocampus, medial septum and entorhinal cortex are involved in memory consolidation, storage and expression. The data are consistent with observations derived from lesion studies suggesting a role for these structures in memory processes, but permit many additional conclusions concerning the mechanisms involved and their timing. 2. Memories are initially processed by glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in amygdala, hippocampus and medial septum, which are sensitive to amino-phosphono valerate (AP5). Memory of inhibitory avoidance is processed by the three structures; memory of habituation to a novel environment is processed only by the hippocampus. At the time of consolidation, immediately after training, gamma-aminobutyrate type A (GABA-A) receptors, modulated by endogenous benzodiazepines, play an inhibitory role, and cholinergic muscarinic and beta-noradrenergic transmission play a modulatory role. 3. From 90 to 180 min after training, memories are blocked by cyano-nitro-quinoxalinedione (CNQX) given into the amygdala, septum and hippocampus. CNQX blocks non-NMDA glutamatergic receptors. Also between 90 and 180 min after training, memory of the habituation and inhibitory avoidance tasks is blocked by the infusion of AP5 or of the GABA-A agonist, muscimol, into the entorhinal cortex. This late post-training intervention of the entorhinal cortex is essential for the integration of successively acquired memories, and occurs in response to the simultaneous activation of CNQX-sensitive synapses in amygdala and hippocampus. 4. The expression of memory is blocked by the infusion of CNQX, at the time of testing, into the amygdala and hippocampus (inhibitory avoidance), into the hippocampus but not the amygdala (habituation), or into the entorhinal cortex (for the two tasks). Since consolidation is blocked by AP5 infused into these structures (see above), the data agree with the hypothesis that memories are mediated by (or actually consist of) long-term potentiation (LTP) in these areas of the brain. LTP induction is blocked by AP5 and LTP expression is blocked by CNQX. It is possible that, at the time of memory expression, the entorhinal cortex is an output of the amygdala and hippocampus


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Amygdala/physiology , Cerebral Cortex/physiology , Hippocampus/physiology , Memory/physiology , alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid , Memory/drug effects , Muscimol/administration & dosage , Muscimol/pharmacology , Quinoxalines/administration & dosage , Quinoxalines/pharmacology , Receptors, GABA/drug effects , Receptors, GABA/physiology , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 24(3): 301-6, mar. 1991. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-99568

ABSTRACT

Adult rats were submitted to two different behavioral tasks using the same apparantus: the habituation of exploration of the apparatus considered as a novel environment as measured by the decrease in number of reaings and of ambulation between training and testing, and step-down inhibitory avoidance as measured by the increase in the latency to step down from a start platform into an electrified grid between the training and the test session.The training-test interval for both tasks was 20 h.The immediate post-training injection of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (10 nmol) bilateral into the hippocampus enhanced retention of the two tasks.Application of the same drug, at the same dose to the septum or amygdala had no effect on habituation but enhanced retention of the avoidance task. The data are consistent with previous findings showing that both tasks are accompanied by the release of benzodiazepine like immunoreactivity in the three structures and that this release is greater after the avoidance task. The present findings suggest a differential regional involvement of endogenous benzodiazepine-mediated mechanisms in memory modulation, according to the task undertaken


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Amygdala/drug effects , Flumazenil/pharmacology , Habituation, Psychophysiologic/drug effects , Hippocampus/drug effects , Retention, Psychology/drug effects , Septum Pellucidum/drug effects , Amygdala/physiology , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Avoidance Learning/physiology , Exploratory Behavior/drug effects , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Flumazenil/administration & dosage , Habituation, Psychophysiologic/physiology , Hippocampus/physiology , Microinjections , Receptors, GABA/drug effects , Receptors, GABA/physiology , Retention, Psychology/physiology , Septum Pellucidum/physiology
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